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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nephites</span></span>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nephite" redirects here; not to be confused with <a href="Nephrite" title="Nephrite">Nephrite</a>.</div>
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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;"><a href="Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Origin_of_the_Book_of_Mormon" title="Origin of the Book of Mormon">Origin</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Cumorah" title="Cumorah">Cumorah</a></li>
<li><a href="Golden_plates" title="Golden plates">Golden plates</a></li>
<li><a href="Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="Emma_Smith" title="Emma Smith">Emma Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="Oliver_Cowdery" title="Oliver Cowdery">Oliver Cowdery</a></li>
<li><a href="Sidney_Rigdon" title="Sidney Rigdon">Sidney Rigdon</a></li>
<li><a href="David_Whitmer" title="David Whitmer">David Whitmer</a></li>
<li><a href="Martin_Harris_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Martin Harris (Latter Day Saints)">Martin Harris</a></li>
<li><a href="Lucy_Harris" title="Lucy Harris">Lucy Harris</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Mormon_witnesses" title="Book of Mormon witnesses">Book of Mormon witnesses</a>
<ul><li><a href="Three_Witnesses" title="Three Witnesses">Three Witnesses</a></li>
<li><a href="Eight_Witnesses" title="Eight Witnesses">Eight Witnesses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Spalding%E2%80%93Rigdon_theory_of_Book_of_Mormon_authorship" title="Spalding–Rigdon theory of Book of Mormon authorship">Spalding–Rigdon theory</a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Peoples</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Jaredites" title="Jaredites">Jaredites</a></li>
<li>
<ul><li><a href="Amalekites_(Book_of_Mormon)" title="Amalekites (Book of Mormon)">Amalekites</a></li>
<li><a href="Amlicites" title="Amlicites">Amlicites</a></li>
<li><a href="Zoramites" title="Zoramites">Zoramites</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Lamanites" title="Lamanites">Lamanites</a>
<ul><li><a href="Anti-Nephi-Lehies" title="Anti-Nephi-Lehies">Anti-Nephi-Lehies</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="List_of_Book_of_Mormon_people" title="List of Book of Mormon people">Persons</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Aaron_(Nephite)" title="Aaron (Nephite)">Aaron</a></li>
<li><a href="Abinadi" title="Abinadi">Abinadi</a></li>
<li><a href="Abish_(Book_of_Mormon)" title="Abish (Book of Mormon)">Abish</a></li>
<li><a href="Ammon_(Book_of_Mormon_missionary)" title="Ammon (Book of Mormon missionary)">Ammon</a></li>
<li><a href="Angel_Moroni" title="Angel Moroni">Angel Moroni</a></li>
<li><a href="Alma_the_Elder" title="Alma the Elder">Alma the Elder</a></li>
<li><a href="Alma_the_Younger" title="Alma the Younger">Alma the Younger</a></li>
<li><a href="Akish" class="mw-redirect" title="Akish">Akish</a></li>
<li><a href="Amaleki" title="Amaleki"> Amaleki (scribe)</a></li>
<li><a href="Amaleki_(Book_of_Mormon_explorer)" title="Amaleki (Book of Mormon explorer)"> Amaleki (explorer)</a></li>
<li><a href="Amalickiah" title="Amalickiah">Amalickiah</a></li>
<li><a href="Aminadab" title="Aminadab">Aminadab</a></li>
<li><a href="Ammoron" title="Ammoron">Ammoron</a></li>
<li><a href="Ammah_(Book_of_Mormon)" title="Ammah (Book of Mormon)">Ammah</a></li>
<li><a href="Amulek" title="Amulek">Amulek</a></li>
<li><a href="Brother_of_Jared" title="Brother of Jared">Brother of Jared</a></li>
<li><a href="Captain_Moroni" title="Captain Moroni">Captain Moroni</a></li>
<li><a href="Cezoram" title="Cezoram">Cezoram</a></li>
<li><a href="Coriantumr_(last_Jaredite_king)" title="Coriantumr (last Jaredite king)">Coriantumr (last Jaredite king)</a></li>
<li><a href="Coriantumr_(Nephite_dissenter)" title="Coriantumr (Nephite dissenter)">Coriantumr (Nephite dissenter)</a></li>
<li><a href="Coriantumr_(son_of_Omer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriantumr (son of Omer)">Coriantumr (son of Omer)</a></li>
<li><a href="Enos_(Book_of_Mormon_prophet)" title="Enos (Book of Mormon prophet)">Enos</a></li>
<li><a href="Ether_(Book_of_Mormon_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ether (Book of Mormon prophet)">Ether</a></li>
<li><a href="Gazelem" title="Gazelem">Gazelem</a></li>
<li>Gideon</li>
<li><a href="Helaman" title="Helaman">Helaman</a></li>
<li><a href="Ishmael_(Book_of_Mormon)" title="Ishmael (Book of Mormon)">Ishmael</a></li>
<li><a href="Jacob_(Book_of_Mormon_prophet)" title="Jacob (Book of Mormon prophet)">Jacob</a></li>
<li><a href="Jared_(founder_of_Jaredites)" title="Jared (founder of Jaredites)">Jared</a></li>
<li><a href="Jaredite_kings" title="Jaredite kings">Jaredite kings</a></li>
<li><a href="Joseph_(Book_of_Mormon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph (Book of Mormon)">Joseph</a></li>
<li><a href="King_Benjamin" title="King Benjamin">King Benjamin</a></li>
<li><a href="King_Noah" title="King Noah">King Noah</a></li>
<li><a href="King_Mosiah_I" title="King Mosiah I">King Mosiah I</a></li>
<li><a href="King_Mosiah_II" title="King Mosiah II">King Mosiah II</a></li>
<li><a href="Laban_(Book_of_Mormon)" title="Laban (Book of Mormon)">Laban</a></li>
<li><a href="Lachoneus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachoneus">Lachoneus</a></li>
<li><a href="Laman_and_Lemuel" title="Laman and Lemuel">Laman and Lemuel</a></li>
<li><a href="Lamoni" title="Lamoni">Lamoni</a></li>
<li><a href="Lehi_(Book_of_Mormon_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (Book of Mormon prophet)">Lehi</a></li>
<li><a href="Limhi" title="Limhi">Limhi</a></li>
<li><a href="Mormon_(Book_of_Mormon_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon (Book of Mormon prophet)">Mormon</a></li>
<li><a href="Moroni_(Book_of_Mormon_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroni (Book of Mormon prophet)">Moroni</a></li>
<li><a href="Moron_(Book_of_Mormon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moron (Book of Mormon)">Moron</a></li>
<li><a href="Moronihah" title="Moronihah">Moronihah</a></li>
<li><a href="Mulek" title="Mulek">Mulek</a></li>
<li><a href="Nephi%2C_son_of_Lehi" title="Nephi, son of Lehi">Nephi</a></li>
<li><a href="Nehor" title="Nehor">Nehor</a></li>
<li><a href="Omner" class="mw-redirect" title="Omner">Omner</a></li>
<li><a href="Omni_(Book_of_Mormon_record_keeper)" title="Omni (Book of Mormon record keeper)">Omni</a></li>
<li><a href="Paanchi_(Book_of_Mormon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paanchi (Book of Mormon)">Paanchi</a></li>
<li><a href="Sam_(Book_of_Mormon)" title="Sam (Book of Mormon)">Sam</a></li>
<li><a href="Sariah" title="Sariah">Sariah</a></li>
<li><a href="Samuel_the_Lamanite" title="Samuel the Lamanite">Samuel the Lamanite</a></li>
<li><a href="Shiz" title="Shiz">Shiz</a></li>
<li><a href="Teancum" title="Teancum">Teancum</a></li>
<li><a href="Three_Nephites" title="Three Nephites">Three Nephites</a></li>
<li><a href="Zedekiah" title="Zedekiah">Zedekiah</a></li>
<li><a href="Zeezrom" title="Zeezrom">Zeezrom</a></li>
<li><a href="Zeram%2C_Amnor%2C_Manti%2C_and_Limher" title="Zeram, Amnor, Manti, and Limher">Zeram, Amnor, Manti, and Limher</a></li>
<li><a href="Zeniff" title="Zeniff">Zeniff</a></li>
<li><a href="Zenock" title="Zenock">Zenock</a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Books</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
<ul><li><a href="First_Nephi" title="First Nephi">First Nephi</a></li>
<li><a href="Second_Nephi" title="Second Nephi">Second Nephi</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Jacob" title="Book of Jacob">Book of Jacob</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Enos" title="Book of Enos">Book of Enos</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Jarom" title="Book of Jarom">Book of Jarom</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Omni" title="Book of Omni">Book of Omni</a></li>
<li><a href="Words_of_Mormon" title="Words of Mormon">Words of Mormon</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Mosiah" title="Book of Mosiah">Book of Mosiah</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Alma" title="Book of Alma">Book of Alma</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Helaman" title="Book of Helaman">Book of Helaman</a></li>
<li><a href="Third_Nephi" title="Third Nephi">Third Nephi</a></li>
<li><a href="Fourth_Nephi" title="Fourth Nephi">Fourth Nephi</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Ether" title="Book of Ether">Book of Ether</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Moroni" title="Book of Moroni">Book of Moroni</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Proposed_Book_of_Mormon_geographical_setting" title="Proposed Book of Mormon geographical setting">Geography</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_Book_of_Mormon_places" title="List of Book of Mormon places">List</a></li>
<li><a href="Ammonihah" title="Ammonihah">Ammonihah</a></li>
<li><a href="Ani-Anti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ani-Anti">Ani-Anti</a></li>
<li><a href="Antiparah" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiparah">Antiparah</a></li>
<li><a href="Bountiful_(Book_of_Mormon)" title="Bountiful (Book of Mormon)">Bountiful</a></li>
<li><a href="Cumeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumeni">Cumeni</a></li>
<li><a href="Cumorah" title="Cumorah">Cumorah</a></li>
<li><a href="Jershon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jershon">Jershon</a></li>
<li><a href="Moron_(Book_of_Mormon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moron (Book of Mormon)">Moron</a></li>
<li><a href="Nahom" title="Nahom">Nahom</a></li>
<li><a href="River_Sidon" class="mw-redirect" title="River Sidon">River Sidon</a></li>
<li><a href="Valley_of_Alma" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Alma">Valley of Alma</a></li>
<li><a href="Valley_of_Nimrod" title="Valley of Nimrod">Valley of Nimrod</a></li>
<li><a href="Waters_of_Mormon" title="Waters of Mormon">Waters of Mormon</a></li>
<li><a href="Zarahemla" title="Zarahemla">Zarahemla</a></li></ul>
<p><br>
</p>
</div></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Analysis</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Anachronisms_in_the_Book_of_Mormon" title="Anachronisms in the Book of Mormon">Anachronisms</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Mormon_and_the_King_James_Bible" title="Book of Mormon and the King James Bible">Book of Mormon and the King James Bible</a></li>
<li><a href="Criticism_of_the_Book_of_Mormon" title="Criticism of the Book of Mormon">Criticism</a></li>
<li><a href="Historicity_of_the_Book_of_Mormon" title="Historicity of the Book of Mormon">Historical authenticity</a></li>
<li><a href="Killing_of_Laban" title="Killing of Laban">Killing of Laban</a></li>
<li><a href="Linguistics_and_the_Book_of_Mormon" title="Linguistics and the Book of Mormon">Linguistics</a></li>
<li><a href="Limited_geography_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited geography model">Limited geography model</a></li>
<li><a href="Mosiah_priority" title="Mosiah priority">Mosiah priority</a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Objects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Liahona_(Book_of_Mormon)" title="Liahona (Book of Mormon)">Liahona</a></li>
<li><a href="Plates_of_Nephi" title="Plates of Nephi">Plates of Nephi</a></li>
<li><a href="Record_of_the_Nephites" title="Record of the Nephites">Record of the Nephites</a></li>
<li><a href="Urim_and_Thummim_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Urim and Thummim (Latter Day Saints)">Urim and Thummim</a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Adaptations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_films_of_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints#Book_of_Mormon_Videos" title="List of films of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">List of Book of Mormon Videos</a></li>
<li><i><a href="How_Rare_a_Possession" title="How Rare a Possession">How Rare a Possession</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="The_Book_of_Mormon_Movie" title="The Book of Mormon Movie">The Book of Mormon Movie</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Passage_to_Zarahemla" title="Passage to Zarahemla">Passage to Zarahemla</a></i></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Book_of_Mormon_translations" title="List of Book of Mormon translations">Translations</a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="Book_of_Mormon_Historic_Publication_Site" title="Book of Mormon Historic Publication Site">Book of Mormon Historic Publication Site</a></li>
<li><a href="Curelom_and_cumom" title="Curelom and cumom">Curelom and cumom</a></li>
<li><a href="Deseret_(Book_of_Mormon)" title="Deseret (Book of Mormon)">Deseret</a></li>
<li><a href="Latter_Day_Saint_movement_and_engraved_metal_plates" title="Latter Day Saint movement and engraved metal plates">Engraved metal plates</a></li>
<li><a href="Gadianton_robbers" title="Gadianton robbers">Gadianton robbers</a></li>
<li><a href="Lost_116_pages" title="Lost 116 pages">Lost 116 pages</a></li>
<li><a href="Book_of_Mormon_monetary_system" title="Book of Mormon monetary system">Monetary system</a></li>
<li><a href="Native_Americans_and_Mormonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Americans and Mormonism">Native Americans and Mormonism</a></li>
<li><a href="Pacific_Islanders_and_Mormonism" title="Pacific Islanders and Mormonism">Pacific Islanders and Mormonism</a></li>
<li><a href="Skin_color_and_Mormonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin color and Mormonism">Skin color and Mormonism</a></li>
<li><a href="Urim_and_Thummim_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Urim and Thummim (Latter Day Saints)">Urim and Thummim</a></li>
<li><a href="Reformed_Egyptian" title="Reformed Egyptian">Reformed Egyptian</a></li>
<li><a href="Record_of_Zeniff" title="Record of Zeniff">Record of Zeniff</a></li>
<li><a href="Great_and_abominable_church" title="Great and abominable church">Great and abominable church</a></li>
<li><a href="Secret_combination_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Secret combination (Latter Day Saints)">Secret combination</a></li>
<li><a href="Solomon_Chamberlin" title="Solomon Chamberlin">Solomon Chamberlin</a></li>
<li><a href="Tree_of_life_vision" title="Tree of life vision">Tree of life vision</a></li>
<li><a href="Two_thousand_stripling_warriors" title="Two thousand stripling warriors">Two thousand stripling warriors</a></li></ul>
</div></div></div></td>
</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below">
<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_the_Book_of_Mormon" title="Outline of the Book of Mormon">Outline of the Book of Mormon</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">
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<p>In the <a href="Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a>, the <b>Nephites</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are one of four groups (along with the <a href="Lamanites" title="Lamanites">Lamanites</a>, <a href="Jaredites" title="Jaredites">Jaredites</a>, and <a href="Mulekites" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulekites">Mulekites</a>) said to have settled in the <a href="Ancient_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Americas">ancient Americas</a>. The term is used throughout the Book of Mormon to describe the religious, political, and cultural traditions of the group of settlers.
</p><p>The Nephites are described as a group of people that descended from or were associated with <a href="Nephi%2C_son_of_Lehi" title="Nephi, son of Lehi">Nephi</a>, a son of the prophet <a href="Lehi_(Book_of_Mormon_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (Book of Mormon prophet)">Lehi</a>, who left <a href="Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> at the urging of <a href="God_in_Mormonism" title="God in Mormonism">God</a> in about 600 BC and traveled with his family to the <a href="Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a> and arrived to the Americas in about 589 BC. The Book of Mormon notes them as initially righteous people who eventually "had fallen into a state of unbelief and awful wickedness"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were destroyed by the <a href="Lamanites" title="Lamanites">Lamanites</a> in about AD 385.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Some <a href="Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a> scholars have suggested that the Nephites settled somewhere in present-day <a href="Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, non-Mormon scholars and, notably, the <a href="Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>, have stated that they have seen no evidence to support the Book of Mormon as a historical account.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2></div>
<p>The existence of the Nephites is part of the Mormon belief system.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="Foundation_for_Ancient_Research_and_Mormon_Studies" title="Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies">Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS)</a>, part of <a href="Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a>, has performed extensive archaeological research on this subject, and publications on the subject and other historical topics are issued regularly by FARMS.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This research is disputed by many researchers, including <a href="Michael_D._Coe" title="Michael D. Coe">Michael Coe</a>, a scholar in <a href="Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Columbian</a> Mesoamerican history, as well as the <a href="Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>.
</p><p>In 1973, Coe addressed the issue in an article for <i><a href="Dialogue%3A_A_Journal_of_Mormon_Thought" title="Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought">Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought</a></i>:
</p>
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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Mormon archaeologists over the years have almost unanimously accepted the Book of Mormon as an accurate, historical account of the New World peoples. ... Let me now state uncategorically that as far as I know there is not one professionally trained archaeologist, who is not a Mormon, who sees any scientific justification for believing the foregoing to be true, and I would like to state that there are quite a few Mormon archaeologists who join this group. ...
The bare facts of the matter are that nothing, absolutely nothing, has even shown up in any New World excavation which would suggest to a dispassionate observer that the Book of Mormon, as claimed by Joseph Smith, is a historical document relating to the history of early migrants to our hemisphere.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>
<p>In 1996, the Smithsonian Institution issued a statement that addressed claims made in the Book of Mormon by stating that the text is primarily a religious text and that archeologists affiliated with the Institution found "no direct connection between the archeology of the New World and the subject matter of the book." The statement further says that there is genetic evidence that the <a href="Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> are closely related to peoples of Asia and that archaeological evidence indicates that the Native Americans migrated from Asia over a land bridge over the <a href="Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a> in prehistoric times. The statement said that there was no credible evidence of contact between <a href="Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egyptian</a> or <a href="Hebrews" title="Hebrews">Hebrew</a> peoples and the New World, as indicated by the text of the Book of Mormon. The statement was issued in response to reports that the name of the Smithsonian Institution was being improperly used to lend credibility to the claims of those looking to support the events of the Book of Mormon.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Geographic Society issued a similar letter in response to an inquiry from the <a href="Institute_for_Religious_Research" title="Institute for Religious Research">Institute for Religious Research</a> saying that "the Society does not know of anything found so far that has substantiated <i>The Book of Mormon</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Book_of_Mormon_narrative">Book of Mormon narrative</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kings">Kings</h3></div>
<p>After the Nephites arrived in America, up to the reign of Mosiah II (c. 592–91 BC), the Nephites were ruled by kings. Nephi's brother <a href="Jacob_(Book_of_Mormon_prophet)" title="Jacob (Book of Mormon prophet)">Jacob</a> explains that subsequent kings bore the title "Nephi".
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The people having loved Nephi exceedingly… were desirous to retain in remembrance his name. And whoso should reign in his stead were called by the people second Nephi, third Nephi, and so forth, according to the reigns of the kings; and thus they were called by the people, let them be of whatever name they would.</p></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">— Jacob 1:10–11</p></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judges">Judges</h3></div>
<p>The last Nephite king was <a href="Mosiah_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosiah II">Mosiah II</a>. About 91 BC, he declared that, instead of naming a new king, he would finish out his reign as king, after which the Nephites would elect judges to govern them. There were at least three levels of judges: one chief judge, several higher judges, and several lower judges. (Some passages speak of multiple "chief judges", probably synonymous with "higher judges"; for example, Alma 62:47; 3 Nephi 6:21.)
</p><p>Judges were paid according to the amount of time they spent officiating. Mosiah II set the rate at one senine of gold (or the equivalent senum of silver) for one day's work (Alma 11:1, 3). He also arranged for checks in this system to avert corruption as much as possible:
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And now if ye have judges, and they do not judge you according to the law which has been given, ye can cause that they may be judged of a higher judge.
If your higher judges do not judge righteous judgments, ye shall cause that a small number of your lower judges should be gathered together, and they shall judge your higher judges, according to the voice of the people.</p></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">— Mosiah 29:28–29</p></div>
<p>After announcing the governmental shift from kings to judges, Mosiah explained the principle behind the change:
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The sins of many people have been caused by the iniquities of their kings....
Now it is not common that the voice of the people desireth anything contrary to that which is right; but it is common for the lesser part of the people to desire that which is not right; therefore this shall ye observe and make it your law—to do your business by the voice of the people.</p></blockquote><div class="templatequotecite"><p style="display: inline; padding-left: 2.3em;">— Mosiah 29:31, 26</p></div>
<p>The system of judges lasted for 120 years, when it was briefly overthrown for about three years (c. 30–33 AD) by an aristocratic cadre, led by a man named Jacob. It was replaced by a loose system of tribes and kinships, which lasted until <a href="Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> appeared in America and established a society that approached the ideals of <a href="Zion_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Zion (Latter Day Saints)">Zion</a>. The society endured for about two centuries before the people fell into wickedness again.
</p><p>After <a href="Fourth_Nephi" title="Fourth Nephi">4 Nephi</a>, no mention is made of whether the Nephites used judges or kings. Mormon mentions that "the Lamanites had a king" (Mormon 2:9). His inclusion of that detail, phrased as it is, can be seen as a contrast to the Nephites having a chief judge. Since no change in government form is specifically mentioned after 4 Nephi, it is possible that the Nephites continued to use judges until their destruction in about AD 385.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
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<ul><li><a href="Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li>
<li><a href="Historicity_of_the_Book_of_Mormon" title="Historicity of the Book of Mormon">Historicity of the Book of Mormon</a></li>
<li><a href="Linguistics_and_the_Book_of_Mormon" title="Linguistics and the Book of Mormon">Linguistics and the Book of Mormon</a></li>
<li><a href="Three_Nephites" title="Three Nephites">Three Nephites</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/pronunciation?lang=eng">churchofjesuschrist.org: "Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide"</a> (retrieved 2012-02-25), IPA-ified from «nē´fīt»</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/hel/4.25?lang=eng"><i>Book of Mormon</i>: Helaman 4:25.</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Book_of_Mormon_(1981)/Mormon#chapter_6" class="extiw external" title="s:Book of Mormon (1981)/Mormon">Mormon 6</a>, Ibid.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFJohn_E._Clark2004" class="citation journal cs1">John E. Clark (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121009054550/http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/review/?vol=16&num=2&id=545">"Searching for Book of Mormon Lands in Middle America"</a>. <i>FARMS Review</i>. <b>16</b> (2). <a href="Maxwell_Institute" title="Maxwell Institute">Maxwell Institute</a>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>54. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/review/?vol=16&num=2&id=545">the original</a> on October 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Oct 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terryl L. Givens, <i>By the Hand of Mormon: The American Scripture that Launched a New World Religion</i> (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 132.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/nephites?lang=eng">"Nephites"</a>. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laura F. Willes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205221456/http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/about/farms.php">"LDS SCRIPTURE RESEARCH"</a>. Center for Book of Mormon Studies, Maxwell Institute, Brigham Young University.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCoe1973" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Michael_Coe" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Coe">Coe, Michael</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F45224400">"Mormons and Archaeology: An Outside View"</a>. <i><a href="Dialogue%3A_A_Journal_of_Mormon_Thought" title="Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought">Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought</a></i>. <b>8</b> (2): 41, 42, 46. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F45224400">10.2307/45224400</a></span>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/45224400">45224400</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254386666">254386666</a>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irr.org/mit/smithsonian.html">"Statement Regarding the Book of Mormon"</a>, 1996. Letter posted online by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irr.org/mit/smithsonian.html">Institute for Religious Research</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mit.irr.org/file/national-geographic-society-statement-on-book-of-mormon">"Letter from National Geographic Society"</a>. Letter to Luke Wilson at Institute for Religious Research. 1998.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite press release}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (link)</span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_sources">General sources</h2></div>
<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFFowles1992" class="citation book cs1">Fowles, John L. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140521050129/https://rsc.byu.edu/archived/book-mormon-helaman-through-3-nephi-8-according-thy-word/5-decline-nephites-rejection-coven">"The Decline of the Nephites: Rejection of the Covenant and Word of God"</a>. In <a href="Monte_S._Nyman" title="Monte S. Nyman">Nyman, Monte S.</a>; Tate, Charles D. Jr. (eds.). <i>The Book of Mormon: Helaman Through 3 Nephi 8, According to Thy Word</i>. Provo, Utah: <a href="Religious_Studies_Center" title="Religious Studies Center">Religious Studies Center</a>, <a href="Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">81–</span>92. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8849-4864-1</bdi>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsc.byu.edu/archived/book-mormon-helaman-through-3-nephi-8-according-thy-word/5-decline-nephites-rejection-coven">the original</a> on 2014-05-21.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFTurner1988" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Rodney (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsc.byu.edu/archived/book-mormon-keystone-scripture/6-three-nephite-churches-christ">"The Three Nephite Churches of Christ"</a>. In <a href="Paul_R._Cheesman" title="Paul R. Cheesman">Cheesman, Paul R.</a> (ed.). <i>The Book of Mormon: The Keystone Scripture</i>. Provo, Utah: <a href="Religious_Studies_Center" title="Religious Studies Center">Religious Studies Center</a>, <a href="Brigham_Young_University" title="Brigham Young University">Brigham Young University</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">91–</span>99. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8849-4637-1</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121130115635/http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/bookschapter.php?bookid=41&chapid=190">How Many Nephites?: The Book of Mormon at the Bar of Demography</a> by James E. Smith</li></ul>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Native_American_people_and_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement440" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Native_American_people_and_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement440" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Native_American_people_and_Mormonism" title="Native American people and Mormonism">Native American people and the Latter Day Saint movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Mormon_teachings_on_skin_color" title="Mormon teachings on skin color">Mormon teachings on skin color</a>
<ul><li><a href="Lamanites" title="Lamanites">Lamanites</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="Mormonism_and_slavery" title="Mormonism and slavery">Mormonism and slavery</a>
<ul><li><a href="History_of_slavery_in_Utah" title="History of slavery in Utah">History of slavery in Utah</a></li>
<li><a href="Act_for_the_relief_of_Indian_Slaves_and_Prisoners" title="Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners">Indian Slavery Act</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Interracial_marriage_and_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="Interracial marriage and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Interracial marriage</a></li>
<li><a href="Indian_Placement_Program" title="Indian Placement Program">Indian Placement Program</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Black_Hawk_War_(1865%E2%80%931872)" title="Black Hawk War (1865–1872)">Black Hawk War (1865–1872)</a></li>
<li><a href="Ute_Wars" title="Ute Wars">Ute Wars</a></li>
<li><a href="Wakara's_War" title="Wakara's War">Wakara's War</a></li>
<li><a href="Posey_War" title="Posey War">Posey War</a></li>
<li><a href="Bear_River_Massacre" title="Bear River Massacre">Bear River Massacre</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massacre by Mormons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Battle_Creek_massacre" title="Battle Creek massacre">Battle Creek massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="Battle_at_Fort_Utah" title="Battle at Fort Utah">Provo River massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="Nephi_massacre" title="Nephi massacre">Nephi massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="Circleville_Massacre" title="Circleville Massacre">Circleville Massacre</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massacre of Mormons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Fountain_Green_massacre" title="Fountain Green massacre">Fountain Green massacre</a></li>
<li><a href="Salt_Creek_Canyon_massacre" title="Salt Creek Canyon massacre">Salt Creek Canyon massacre</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Sagwitch" title="Sagwitch">Chief Sagwitch</a></li>
<li><a href="Tuba_(chief)" title="Tuba (chief)">Chief Tuba</a></li>
<li><a href="Kanosh_(chief)" title="Kanosh (chief)">Chief Kanosh</a></li>
<li><a href="George_P._Lee" title="George P. Lee">George P. Lee</a></li>
<li><a href="Sally_Young_Kanosh" title="Sally Young Kanosh">Kahpeputz</a></li>
<li><a href="Tony_Tillohash" title="Tony Tillohash">Tony Tillohash</a></li>
<li><a href="Larry_Echo_Hawk" title="Larry Echo Hawk">Larry Echo Hawk</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span>Category</li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span><a href="Portal%3AIndigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li></ul>
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